Machine tool

ABSTRACT

A machine tool such as an NC lathe having a machine body is disclosed. The machine tool comprises a fixed bed, a machine body having a carriage with a tool post mounted thereon is provided on one side of the fixed bed nearer to an operator, and a headstock for loading a workpiece thereon is provided on another side of the fixed bed farther from the operator. The machine tool also includes a cover having a front wall and a side wall to cover at least a front face and a side wall of the machine body, respectively. The cover is provided so as to externally surround the machine tool, and wherein a portion of the side wall of the cover adjacent the tool post includes a door opening formed therein and a side door for opening and closing the door opening. Thus, the tool replacement work is facilitated and the overall workability of the machine tool can be improved.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a machine tool where the machine body is surrounded by a cover. The machine body comprises a tool post disposed on a fixed bed on one side thereof nearer to an operator, and a headstock provided on the other side of the fixed bed farther from the operator on which a workpiece is to be mounted thereon.

2. Discussion of the Related Art

Conventionally a mass-production type machine tool (such as a Numerically Controlled lathe also called an NC lathe) has carriages with a tool post mounted on each carriage are provided on the left and right sides of the front side (nearer side to the operator) of the fixed bed. A headstock is provided on the rear side (the side farther from the operator) between the two tool posts. In each of the tool posts, a turret head with a plurality of tools mounted thereon is provided on a tool post body so as to be rotationally indexable. In this arrangement, a workpiece mounted on the headstock is worked and shaped by moving the tool posts and the carriage relative to each other.

Also, in this machine tool, it has been conventional to have the machine body surrounded by a cover in order to prevent chips and coolant from scattering outside of the machine. In this arrangement, a wide operational opening is formed in a front wall located on the operator side of the cover so that the operational opening is opened and closed by a door.

With this conventional machine tool, since its structure has the headstock disposed on the rear side of the left-and-right tool posts, the turret head is provided on the headstock side of the tool post body, i.e., on the rear side of the tool post body. As a result of this structure, replacing a tool set on the turret head requires the operator to carry out the tool loading and unloading operation in a manner that brings his or her hands around from the operational opening formed in the front wall to the rear side of the tool post body. In this machine tool, the tool post body interferes with the replacement work, resulting in a difficult replacement with poor workability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been accomplished in view of these conventional devices.

An object of the present invention is to provide a machine tool that allows the tool replacement work to be easily achieved and thereby allows the efficiency of the replacement work to be improved.

In order to achieve the above object and other objects of the present invention, in a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a machine tool comprising a fixed bed, a machine body having a carriage with a tool post mounted thereon is provided on one side of the fixed bed nearer to an operator, and a headstock for loading a workpiece thereon is provided on another side of the fixed bed farther from the operator. The machine tool also includes a cover having a front wall and a side wall to cover at least a front face and a side wall of the machine body, respectively. The cover is provided so as to externally surround the machine tool, and wherein a portion of the side wall of the cover adjacent the tool post includes a door opening formed therein and a side door for opening and closing the door opening.

In a second aspect of the invention, in the machine tool as described according to the first aspect of the invention, a protector device is provided for preventing chips from scattering between the side wall of the cover and the tool post. A portion of the protector device adjacent the tool post includes an operational opening formed therein and a shutter for opening and closing the operational opening.

With the machine tool according to the present invention, since the door opening is provided in the side wall of the cover adjacent the tool post, the tool replacement work can be done at a location near the turret head beside the machine body. This means that the tool post body does not interfere with this work and allows the workability of tool replacement task to be improved.

With the machine tool according to the second aspect of the invention, since the protector device provided between the side wall of the cover and the tool post includes an operational opening and the shutter for opening and closing the operational opening, the tool replacement work is facilitated by opening the shutter. Further, during the machining, the scattering of chips and coolant can be prevented by closing the shutter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other objects and features of the present invention will be clearly understood from the following description with respect to the preferred embodiment thereof when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and diagrams, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the machine body of an NC lathe according to an embodiment of the invention, as viewed from an oblique front side;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the machine body as viewed from an oblique rear side according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of a cover provided on the machine body according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the machine body according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a front view of a headstock guide unit of the NC lathe according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a side view of a chip processing unit of the NC lathe according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a first clamp mechanism of the machine body according to an embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a second clamp mechanism of the machine body according to an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinbelow, embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 1 through 8 are views for explaining a machine tool (NC lathe) in accordance with the embodiments of the invention. The terms, front and rear, left and right, are referred to in this embodiment as they are viewed from the operator side, that is, the near side means the front, the farther side means the rear, the left side means the left, and the right side means to the right of the operator.

Referring to the figures, reference numeral 1 denotes a machine tool such as an NC lathe that is to be used, for example, to machine aluminum wheels. The NC lathe 1 is constructed so that its machine body 2 is externally surrounded by a cover 3. In this machine body 2, as viewed from the operator, carriages 5 are provided on the left and right sides of a front end portion (on one side nearer the operator) of a fixed bed 4 so as to be movable in a Z-axis direction (back-and-forth direction). Tool posts 6 are mounted on the individual carriages 5, respectively, so as to be movable in an X-axis direction (oblique left-and-right directions), and a headstock 7 is disposed on the rear side (on the side farther from the operator) of the fixed bed 4 between the left-and-right carriages 5 so as to have its axis line directed along the Z-axis direction and be movable in the Z-axis direction.

The fixed bed 4 is formed as a generally rectangular shaped parallelepiped by casting. Left-and-right sloped portions 4 a are formed in a front portion of this fixed bed 4 so as to form a V shape as viewed in a front view, while a flat portion 4 b stepped down from the sloped portions 4 a is formed in the rear portion.

A recessed portion 4 c for use in chip collection is formed as a cut-out in the front portion of the fixed bed 4. This recessed portion 4 c is surrounded by lower end portions 4 a′ of the sloped portions 4 a, a front end portion 4 b′ of the flat portion 4 b and a front end wall 4 d of the fixed bed 4. Also, a tunnel 4 e is formed within the flat portion 4 b so as to communicate with the recessed portion 4 c, and a rear end of the tunnel 4 e is opens outwardly from a rear end wall 4 f of the fixed bed 4. The recessed portion 4 c and the tunnel 4 e comprise a chip collecting passage through which chips occurring during the workpiece machining operation are discharged rearwardly on one side of the fixed bed 4 that is opposite to the operator.

The carriages 5 are provided along the left-and-right sloped portions 4 a, and each of the carriages 5 is slidably supported by a pair of upper-and-lower guide surfaces 8 formed in the sloped portion 4 a. The carriage 5 is reciprocatingly driven in the Z-axis direction by a drive mechanism (not shown) such as a servomotor and ball screw.

Each of the tool posts 6 is generally structured so that a tool post body 10 is fixed on a tool post base 9 slidably supported by the carriage 5. Also, a turret head 11 with a plurality of tools mounted thereon is rotationally indexably provided on the rear face of the tool post body 10. The tool post base 9 is reciprocatingly driven in the X-axis direction by a drive mechanism (not shown) such as a servomotor and ball screw.

The headstock 7, which is generally hemi-elliptically formed when viewed in a front view, has a spindle 12 inserted therein and is rotatably supported by a plurality of bearings (not shown). A chuck 13 for gripping a workpiece W is mounted on this spindle 12 and is driven into rotation by a spindle drive motor (not shown).

As shown in FIG. 5, a fixed base 15 is fixedly attached on the top of the flat portion 4 b of the fixed bed 4. Further, slide recessed portions 15 a, extending in the back-and-forth direction, are formed on left-and-right side portions of the fixed base 15. A headstock base 16 is provided on this fixed base 15 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction. This headstock base 16 has a rectangular plate shape that extends in the back-and-forth direction and has the headstock 7 fixedly mounted thereon in a front portion thereof. Further, a rear portion thereof extends so as to protrude and overhang rearwardly from the rear end of the flat portion 4 b.

Protruding portions 16 a slidably engage with the slide recessed portions 15 a, respectively. Further, they are formed at both left-and-right end portions of the underside of the headstock base 16 so that lower face and inner side face of each protruding portion 16 a are in surface contact with an upper face and an inner side face of the slide recessed portion 15 a. The headstock base 16 is reciprocatingly driven by rotationally driving a ball screw 19 provided in the fixed base 15 with a servomotor (not shown). The headstock 7 is movable between a workpiece machining position A where the workpiece W is machined on the flat portion 4 b on the side farther from the operator, and a workpiece loading/unloading position B where the machined workpiece is replaced with the next workpiece above the recessed portion 4 c on the side nearer the operator.

In this arrangement, when the headstock base 16 is at the workpiece machining position A, the front portion of the headstock base 16 where the headstock 7 is mounted is supported by the fixed base 15. When the headstock base 16 is at the workpiece loading/unloading position B, the rear portion of the headstock base 16 extending and overhanging rearwardly from the front portion where the headstock 7 is supported by the fixed base 15.

First and second clamping mechanisms 20 and 21 for positioning and clamping the headstock base 16 to the fixed bed 4 are provided on the fixed bed 4. The first clamping mechanisms 20 are provided on both the left-and-right side portions of the headstock base 16, and the second clamping mechanism 21 is provided only on the left side portion of the headstock base 16, see FIG. 4.

As shown in FIG. 7, the first clamping mechanisms 20 are generally structured so that four pistons 23 are inserted within one hydraulic cylinder block 22 so as to be slidable up and down. The hydraulic cylinder block 22 is fixed at the left-and-right end portions of the top face of the fixed base 15 with a plurality of bolts 24.

A portion of the hydraulic cylinder block 22 including the pistons 23 is inserted and placed within a recessed portion 16 b recessed in a side wall of the headstock base 16 in a contactless manner so that the pistons 23 are opposed to the protruding portion 16 a of the headstock base 16. When oil pressure is supplied to an oil chamber 22 a of the hydraulic cylinder block 22, the pistons 23 go down, pressing and fixing the headstock base 16 to the fixed base 15. When the oil pressure is released, a spring 25 makes the pistons 23 go up so that the clamping force is released.

As shown in FIG. 8, the second clamping mechanism 21 comprises three hydraulic cylinders 27 placed in parallel and fixedly bolted on top of the flat portion 4 b of the fixed bed 4. A piston 28 is inserted within each hydraulic cylinder 27 so as to be horizontally slidable. Each of these pistons 28 is opposed to the left side face of the protruding portion 16 a of the headstock base 16 through the fixed base 15.

When oil pressure is supplied to an oil chamber 27 a of each hydraulic cylinder 27, each piston 28 advances rightwardly to press and fix the headstock base 16 to the fixed base 15. When the oil pressure is released, the springs 29 make the piston 28 retreat so that the clamping force is released.

The fixed bed 4 is equipped with a headstock guide unit for guiding and supporting the headstock base 16 between the workpiece machining position A and the workpiece loading/unloading position B. This headstock guide unit has the following structure.

In the front face of the headstock base 16 a prismatic support member 33 extending widthwise is provided. Also, the support member 33 is fixedly positioned by being coupled with the cutout portions 16 d formed by cutting out the headstock base 16 along its front lower edge. Guides 34 are fixed at both left-and-right end portions of the lower face of the support member 33.

At the lower end portions 4 a′ of the left-and-right sloped portions 4 a of the fixed bed 4, planar portions 4 g are formed in a stepped-down shape so as to extend in the back-and-forth direction along the lower end portions 4 a′. Rails 35 are fixedly bolted on the upper surface of these left-and-right planar portions 4 g, and the guides 34 are slidably engaged with these rails 35.

At the bottom of the fixed bed 4, as shown in FIG. 6, a chip processing unit is provided for collecting and discharging coolant supplied to the cutting portion of the workpiece and chips generated during the machining. The structure of the chip processing unit is described below.

A coolant tank 40 is provided within a chip collecting passage defined by the recessed portion 4 c and the tunnel 4 e of the fixed bed 4. This coolant tank 40 extends over the entire length of the recessed portion 4 c and the tunnel 4 e. The coolant tank 40 is further equipped with a tank body 41 extending rearwardly from the rear end wall 4 f of the fixed bed 4 of the machine, and a discharge duct portion 42 rising up and extending obliquely and rearwardly from the rear end of the tank body 41.

The tank body 41 is made up of left-and-right side walls 41 a and a bottom wall 41 b and is formed into an upward-opening box shape. The discharge duct portion 42 is formed into a cylindrical shape with its rear end portion 42 a opening downwardly. Below the opening of this rear end portion 42 a, a chip collecting bucket 43 is provided.

An endless chip conveyor 44 is provided within the coolant tank 40 so as to extend over the entire length thereof. The chip conveyor 44 is rotationally driven by a drive motor (not shown). This chip conveyor 44 is a strip conveyor made up by hinge-connecting a multiplicity of thin strip plates to one another. The chip conveyor 44 serves to collect and convey chips that have dropped into the coolant tank 40 while letting coolant and fine chips drop to the bottom wall portion 41 b.

At the bottom wall portion 41 b of the tank body 41, a sloped plate 45 is provided for cleaning away coolant and chips that have dropped through the chip conveyor 44 to a downstream end portion 41 d of the tank body 41. The sloped plate 45 is sloped from the front to the rear side. Also, a resin film (not shown) is provided for smoothing the sliding of the chips. The film covers the upper surface of the sloped plate 45 and thereby the chips are prevented from sticking without increasing the slope angle by virtue of the resin film.

A coolant collecting passage 46 communicates and connects to the downstream end portion 41 d of the tank body 41, and a filter 47 for filtrating the chips at an inlet of the collecting passage 46 is provided. This collecting passage 46 communicates and connects a clean tank (not shown) provided, for example, in a separate chamber, so that the coolant is collected in the clean tank.

Chips and coolant generated during the machining operation drop into the tank body 41 within the recessed portion 4 c and the chips are conveyed out of the machine by the chip conveyor 44 and collected in the collecting bucket 43.

Meanwhile, the coolant and the chips that have passed through the chip conveyor 44 drop onto the sloped plate 45 and the coolant naturally flows along this sloped plate 45. Then, this flow of coolant also causes the chips to be cleaned away to the downstream end portion 41 d. The chips that are cleaned-away in the coolant are filtered by the filter 47 and are periodically collected. Further, the coolant from which the chips have been filtered away passes through the coolant collecting passage 46, and is collected in the clean tank.

A cover 3, which is formed of an iron plate, covers the front-and-rear faces, left-and-right side faces and top face of the machine body 2 as shown in FIG. 3. An operational door opening 50 is formed in a front wall 3 a of the cover 3 that covers the front face of the machine body 2. The door opening 50 has a lower edge set at a portion adjacent the headstock base 16, and an upper edge set at the front edge of a ceiling wall 3 b.

The door opening 50 is provided with a pair of left-and-right front doors 51. Each front door 51 is supported so as to be slidable widthwise. The front doors 51 each have a window 51 a with a transparent glass fitted thereto.

Side door openings 52 are formed in the left-and-right side walls 3 c of the cover 3 that covers the left-and-right side faces of the machine body 2, respectively. Each of the door openings 52 is provided at a portion of the tool post 6 adjacent to the turret head 11 when the tool post 6 is in the standby position. The opening height and opening width of this door opening 52 are set to allow the operator to go in and out. A side door 53 for opening and closing the door opening 52 is provided on the side wall 3 c, and the side door 53 is supported so as to be slidable in the back-and-forth directions.

A footstool 55 is provided at the door opening 52 so as to stretch over a range from an in-machine position beside the machine body 2 to an out-of-machine position outwardly from the side door 53. Use of this footstool 55 gives the operator's hands access from the door opening 52 to the tools of the turret head 11.

Around the left-and-right sloped portions 4 a of the fixed bed 4, a protector device 58 formed of an iron plate is provided. This protector device 58 covers upwardly from the turret head 11 and in the vicinities of the carriages 5 of the sloped portions 4 a, thereby preventing chips from entering the sliding portions of the carriages 5. An operational opening 58 a is formed at a portion of the protector device 58 adjacent to the turret head 11. A sliding shutter 59 includes two planar portions 59 a and 59 b adjacent to and covering the operational opening 58 a as shown in FIG. 3. The shutter 59 is horizontally and linearly slidable along the protector device 58 in a direction parallel to a line of intersection of the two planar portions. Opening this shutter 59 allows the operator's hands to access the tools on the turret head 11.

For replacing the tools on the turret head 11, the operator it opens the side door 53, steps up on the footstool 55, enters into the machine through the door opening 52, and opens the shutter 59 of the protector device 58.

The cover 3 is provided with a workpiece-machining-point display unit for verifying whether or not the contents of previously inputted machining programs are operating correctly. This workpiece-machining-point display unit is composed of a CCD camera 60 as an image pickup device provided inside the ceiling wall 3 b of the cover 3, and a display (not shown) as an image display means provided on the front wall 3 a of the cover 3. The CCD camera 60 is adjustably supported in various angles by a support bracket 61 fixedly attached to the ceiling wall 3 b. An image of the workpiece W on the headstock 7 placed at the workpiece machining position A is then displayed on the display.

With the workpiece-machining-point display unit of this embodiment, since the CCD camera 60 is provided on the ceiling wall 3 b of the cover 3 so that a workpiece W set on the headstock 7 is imaged and displayed on the display by the CCD camera 60, a machining point of the workpiece W can be ascertained by the image at a place separate from the workpiece without the need for visually checking the machining point directly from the machine outside through the window. This means that program checks can be accomplished easily and securely.

Then, in the NC lathe 1 of this embodiment, while the carriage 5 and the tool post 6 are moved in the Z- and X-axis directions, respectively, relative to each other, the workpiece W set on the spindle 12 is subjected to a specified cutting process. In this case, the workpiece W may be shaped either by the two tool posts 6 simultaneously or by each one tool post 6 alternately.

When the machining of the workpiece is completed, the carriage 5 and the tool post 6 move to a specified standby position, where the headstock base 16 is moved forward so that the headstock 7 is moved to the workpiece loading/unloading position B. At this workpiece loading/unloading position B, the machined workpiece is unloaded and the next workpiece is loaded. This workpiece replacement may also be done automatically by a robot.

As shown above, according to the NC lathe of this embodiment, since the headstock 7 is fixed to the headstock base 16 and since the headstock base 16 movable between the workpiece machining position A and the workpiece loading/unloading position B, the work of loading and unloading the workpiece W can be carried out in proximity to the operator on the front side of the fixed bed 4. This allows the workpiece loading/unloading replacement to be improved.

In this embodiment, since the door openings 52 are provided in the left-and-right side walls 3 c of the cover 3 so as to be adjacent to the turret heads 11 of the tool posts 6, respectively, when the tool posts 6 are in their standby positions, and since the side doors 53 for opening and closing the openings 52 are provided, the work of replacing the tools of the turret heads 11 can be carried out at a location in proximity to the turret heads 11 provided in the side portions of the machine body 2. This means that the tool replacement workability is improved.

Also, since the operational opening 58 a is formed in the protector device 58 provided on the in-machine side and since the shutter 59 for opening and closing the operational opening 58 a is provided, the tool replacement work can be facilitated by opening the shutter 59. Further, the chips and coolant can be prevented from scattering by keeping the shutter 59 closed during machining.

With the chip processing unit of this invention, since the chip conveyor 44 is provided within the coolant tank 40, the sloped plate 45 is provided at the bottom portion, and since chips that have passed through the chip conveyor 44 are cleaned away to the downstream end portion 41 d by the coolant, the chips can be prevented from being accumulated at the tank bottom.

Also, the chips cleaned-away in the coolant are filtered by the filter 47 and thus they can be periodically collected. This results in a relatively simple removal operation, and therefore the working efficiency discharging these chips can be improved.

Furthermore, since the coolant filtered by the filter 47 is collected to a separately placed clean tank, it becomes possible to supply the coolant in the clean tank to the machining part of the workpiece W, thus allowing the working efficiency for coolant collection to be enhanced.

Also in this embodiment, since the recessed portion 4 c for use in chip collection is provided in the front portion of the fixed bed 4, since the tunnel 4 e is provided in the flat portion 4 b so as to extend rearwardly adjacent to the recessed portion 4 c and be opened in the rear end wall 4 f, and since the coolant tank 40 is provided within the chip-collecting recessed portion 4 c and the tunnel 4 e, it becomes possible to discharge the chips and coolant to a side opposite the operator. This means that neither the coolant tank 40 nor the chips interfere with the workpiece loading/unloading work and this improves the workability of the design.

With the headstock guide unit, since the rails 35 extending in the back-and-forth direction are fixedly bolted to the lower end portions 4 a′ of the left-and-right sloped portions 4 a of the fixed bed 4, since the left-and-right guides 34 are fixed to the front end portion of the headstock base 16 via the support member 33, and since the guides 34 are slidably engaged with the rails 35, support rigidity and support strength of the headstock 7 at the workpiece machining position A can be ensured. Moreover the headstock 7 can be moved to the workpiece loading/unloading position B without any obstacles.

Also, even when the headstock base 16 overhangs during the workpiece loading/unloading process, the headstock base 16 can be securely supported by the slide of the guides 34 and the rails 35.

It is to be understood that although the present invention has been described with regard to preferred embodiments thereof, various other embodiments and variants may occur to those skilled in the art, which are within the scope and spirit of the invention, and such other embodiments and variants are intended to be covered by the following claims.

The text of Japanese priority application no. 2000-281321 filed Sep. 18, 2000 is hereby incorporated by reference. 

1. A machine tool comprising: a fixed bed; a machine body having a carriage and a tool post including a turret mounted thereon is provided on one side of said fixed bed nearer to an operator; a headstock for loading a workpiece thereon is provided on another side of said fixed bed farther from the operator; a cover having a front wall and a side wall to cover at least a front face and a side wall of said machine body, wherein a portion of said side wall of said cover adjacent said tool post includes a door opening formed therein and a side door covering the door opening and being slidably attached to said side wall for providing an operator selective access to an area inside said cover; and a protector device for preventing chips from scattering is disposed between the carriage and the turret, wherein a portion of said protector device adjacent said tool post includes an operational opening and a shutter having two planar portions to cover the operational opening, said shutter being horizontally and linearly slidable along said protector device in a direction parallel to a line of intersection of the two planar portions for selectively allowing the operator to be able to replace a tool near a turret head.
 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein said cover is provided so as to externally surround the machine tool.
 3. A machine tool comprising: a fixed bed; a machine body having a carriage with a tool post mounted thereon, said machine body being provided on one side of said fixed bed nearer to an operator; a headstock for loading a workpiece thereon provided on another side of said fixed bed farther from the operator; a cover having a front wall and a side wall to cover at least a front face and a side wall of said machine body, wherein a portion of said side wall of said cover adjacent said tool post includes a door opening formed therein and a side door covering the door opening and being slidably attached to said side wall for providing an operator selective access to an area inside said cover; and a protector device for preventing chips from scattering is disposed between a portion of said carriage and a portion of said tool post, and wherein a portion of said protector device adjacent said tool post includes an operational opening and a sliding shutter, said sliding shutter having two planar portions disposed adjacent the operational opening, said sliding shutter being horizontally slidable along said protector device in a direction parallel to a line of intersection of the two planar portions.
 4. A machine tool comprising: a fixed bed; a machine body having a carriage with a tool post mounted thereon is provided on one side of said fixed bed nearer to an operator; a headstock for loading a workpiece thereon is provided on another side of said fixed bed farther from the operator; a cover having a front wall and a side wall to cover at least a front face and a side wall of said machine body, wherein a portion of said side wall of said cover adjacent said tool post includes a door opening formed therein and a side door covering the door opening and being slidably attached to said side wall for providing an operator selective access to an area inside said cover; and a protector device for preventing chips from scattering, said protector device having a portion disposed along a portion of the carriage vertically below said tool post and another portion extending upwardly between the carriage and said tool post, wherein a portion of said protector device adjacent said tool post includes an operational opening and a shutter having two planar portions to cover the operational opening, said shutter being horizontally and linearly slidable along said protector device in a direction parallel to a line of intersection of the two planar portions for selectively allowing the operator to be able to replace a tool near a turret head. 